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The correct method for measuring coaxiality error with a three-coordinate measuring machine
Release Time:
2019-08-27
Coaxiality is a common form and position tolerance item in mechanical product inspection. It indicates that the relevant elements of a part (axis to axis, hole to hole, axis to hole) are required to be coaxial, that is, it controls the degree of deviation of the actual axis from the reference axis. For regular shaft-type parts, special jigs and combined auxiliary tools such as V-shaped brackets, steel balls plus lever dial indicators, or coaxiality testers can generally be used to detect coaxiality; for box-type hole parts, lever dial indicators with a mandrel or a roundness tester can generally be used to detect coaxiality.
However, for some large components (such as machine tool spindles) or irregular shaft-type parts and irregular inner holes of box-type parts, it is difficult or very troublesome to measure coaxiality using conventional methods. Therefore, using a three-coordinate measuring machine to measure coaxiality is a good choice. Compared with special coaxiality measuring instruments, the biggest advantage of CMM measuring coaxiality is that it does not require rotating the workpiece, no special mandrel or special bracket is needed, and no mechanical alignment is required. Only the probe needs to sample points on the workpiece to quickly output the measurement results. However, when using CMM to measure coaxiality, due to differences in understanding the reference axis, different methods of measuring the axis of the element being measured, different methods of evaluating coaxiality, and the influence of CMM point sampling errors, sometimes there may be large measurement errors and poor repeatability, that is, the measurement results cannot truly reflect the actual coaxiality error of the part.
According to the definition of coaxiality, when using a three-coordinate measuring machine to measure coaxiality, the measurement error can be examined from three aspects: 1. Acquisition and establishment of the reference axis; 2. Acquisition and establishment of the axis of the element being measured; 3. Evaluation of the positional relationship between the reference axis and the axis of the element being measured. The methods to reduce the coaxiality measurement error of the three-coordinate measuring machine mainly include the following methods:
1. Increase the distance between the reference sections
When measuring the reference element, if the distance between the first section and the second section is increased, the proportion of error interference will be correspondingly reduced. Therefore, the distance between the two sections should be increased as much as possible during measurement. If the reference is long enough and the reference section is adjacent to the section to be inspected, the error caused can be negligible.
2. Establish a common axis as the reference axis
When the reference cylinder and the measured cylinder are short and far apart, the method of establishing a common axis as the reference axis can be adopted, that is, the mid-section is measured on the reference cylinder and the measured cylinder, and the connection of the mid-section is used as the common axis. Then, the coaxiality of the reference cylinder and the measured cylinder relative to the common axis (reference axis) is calculated respectively, and the maximum value is taken as the coaxiality error of the workpiece. The evaluation result of this method is more consistent with the actual use situation.
3. Approximate coaxiality with straightness
When the section of the workpiece to be measured is short, a workaround method of measuring straightness instead of coaxiality can be used. Because in this case, the tilt of the axis has a small effect on the workpiece assembly, while the axial offset has a greater effect on the workpiece assembly, measuring the axial offset is actually measuring the straightness of the axial connecting line. The implementation method is: measure n cross-sectional circles on two small cylinders, and then select the centers of these n circles to fit a three-dimensional straight line. The straightness of this straight line can approximately replace coaxiality. The shorter the working section, the better the effect of this method, and a comprehensive gauge can be easily made to verify the accuracy of this method.
The above is the knowledge about the correct method of coaxiality error measurement by three-coordinate measuring machine compiled by Sirui Measurement, hoping to help everyone. As one of the subsidiaries of Hexagon, the world's largest measurement technology group, Sirui products have the highest cost performance ratio, allowing customers to experience the quality of imported products and the price of domestic products.
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Public disclosure form for enterprise environmental information of "Shuangyou" enterprises
The company's main products include MC-H series horizontal machining centers, XH71 (VMC) series vertical machining centers, MC-VH series vertical and horizontal machining centers, CK series CNC lathes, C62 series horizontal lathes, Z50 series vertical drilling machines, etc. Many of these products have been recognized as Jiangsu Province High-Tech Products.
Corporate Environmental Information Disclosure Form
The company's main products include MC-H series horizontal machining centers, XH71 (VMC) series vertical machining centers, MC-VH series vertical and horizontal machining centers, CK series CNC lathes, C62 series horizontal lathes, Z50 series vertical drilling machines, etc. Many of these products have been recognized as Jiangsu Province High-Tech Products.
VMC Manufacturer: What are the environmental requirements for a vertical machining center?
A vertical machining center is a high-precision device whose accuracy is closely related to the external environment. Let me tell you about the environmental requirements for a vertical machining center:
Vertical Machining Center Supplier: What is the working principle of a vertical machining center?
A vertical machining center refers to a machining center with a vertical spindle; its structure is mainly a fixed column. The worktable is rectangular and does not have indexing or rotating functions. It is suitable for processing discs, sleeves, and plates. It typically has three linear movements. A coordinate axis and a rotary table that rotates along the horizontal axis can be installed on the worktable to process spiral parts. The working principle of a vertical machining center is introduced below:
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